The Anaesthesia Review Group Glossary

Acute
Sensing or perceiving accurately, clearly, effectively, or sensitively; characterized by sharpness or severity; having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course.

Analgesia
Insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness.

Analgesic
A substance that produces analgesia.

Anaesthesia, Anesthesia
Loss of sensation and usually of consciousness without loss of vital functions, artificially produced by the administration of one or more agents that block the passage of pain impulses along nerve pathways to the brain

Anaesthetic, anesthetic
A substance that produces anaesthesia

Apnoea, apnea
Cessation of respiration (as caused by certain drugs)

Benign
Of a mild type or character that does not threaten health or life; having a good prognosis; responding favourably to treatment

Beta-blocker
Any of a class of heart drugs (as propranolol) that combine with and block the activity of a beta-receptor

Block anaesthesia, block anesthesia
Local anaesthesia (as by injection) produced by interruption of the flow of impulses along a nerve trunk

Cardiac
Of, relating to, situated near, or acting on the heart; of or relating to the cardia of the stomach

Cardiovascular
Of, relating to, or involving the heart and blood vessels

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, CPR
A procedure designed to restore normal breathing after cardiac arrest that includes the clearance of air passages to the lungs, the mouth-to-mouth method of artificial respiration, and heart massage by the exertion of pressure on the chest

Cardioversion
Application of an electric shock in order to restore normal heartbeat

Catheter
A tubular medical device for insertion into canals, vessels, passageways, or body cavities usually to permit injection or withdrawal of fluids or to keep a passage open

Chronic
Marked by long duration, by frequent recurrence over a long time, and often by slowly progressing seriousness; not acute; having a slow progressive course of indefinite duration

Critical
Relating to, indicating, or being the stage of a disease at which an abrupt change for better or worse may be anticipated with reasonable certainty; being or relating to an illness or condition involving danger of death

Dyspnoea, dyspnea
Difficult or laboured respirationE

Edema, oedema,
An abnormal excess accumulation of serous fluid in connective tissue

Electroconvulsive therapy
The treatment of mental disorder and especially depression by the induction of unconsciousness and convulsions through the use of an electric current, now usually on an anaesthetized patient

Emergency medicine
The care and treatment of acutely ill or injured patients who need immediate medical attention

Endocrinologic
Involving or relating to the endocrine glands or secretions that are distributed in the body by way of the bloodstream

Epidural anaesthesia, epidural anesthesia
Anaesthesia produced by injection of a local anaesthetic into the peridural space of the spinal cord

Haematoma, hematoma
A mass of blood that forms in a tissue, organ, or body space as a result of a broken blood vessel

Haemodynamic, hemodynamic
Relating to or functioning in the mechanics of blood circulation

Hickman catheter
An indwelling venous catheter with a relatively wide bore

Hyperpyrexia
Exceptionally high fever (as in a particular disease)

Hypoxaemia, hypoxemia
Deficient oxygenation of the blood and tissue

Intensive care
Meeting the needs of gravely ill patients with special medical facilities, services, and monitoring devices

Intravenous
Situated within, performed within, occurring within, or administered by entering a vein

Intubation
The introduction of a tube into a hollow organ (as the trachea) to keep it open or restore its patency if obstructed

Laparoscopy
Visual examination of the inside of the abdomen by means of an optical or fiberoptic instrument that is inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall

Local anaesthesia, local anesthesia
Loss of sensation in a limited (and often superficial) area especially from the effect of a local anaesthetic

Malignant
Tending to produce death or deterioration, tending to infiltrate, metastasise, and terminate fatally; of unfavourable prognosis; not responding favourably to treatment

Malignant hypertension
Essential hypertension characterized by acute onset, severe symptoms, rapidly progressive course, and poor prognosis

Malignant hyperthermia
A rare inherited condition characterized by a rapid, extreme, and often fatal rise in body temperature following the administration of general anaesthesia

Mechanical ventilation
Artificial ventilation of the lungs (as by positive end-expiratory pressure) using means external to the body

Metabolism
The chemical changes in living cells by which energy is provided for vital processes and activities and new material is assimilated; the sum of the processes by which a particular substance is handled (as by assimilation and incorporation or by detoxification and excretion) in the living body

Morbidity
A diseased state or symptom; the incidence of disease; the rate of sickness

Mortality
Death; the incidence of death; death rate

Muscular
Of, relating to, or constituting muscle

Narcotic
A drug (as opium) that in moderate doses dulls the senses, relieves pain, and induces profound sleep but in excessive doses causes stupor, coma, or convulsions; a drug (as marijuana or LSD) subject to restriction similar to that of addictive narcotics whether in fact physiologically addictive and narcotic or not

Nerve block
An interruption of the passage of impulses through a nerve (as with pressure or narcotics)

Neurolgic
Of or relating to the nervous system

Oedema, edema
See edema

Opiate
A preparation (as morphine, heroin, and codeine) containing or derived from opium and tending to induce sleep and to alleviate pain; a synthetic drug capable of producing or sustaining addiction similar to that characteristic of morphine and cocaine; a narcotic or opioid peptide

Opioid
Possessing some properties characteristic of opiate narcotics but not derived from opium

Percutaneous
Effected or performed through the skin

Perioperative
Relating to, occurring in, or being the period around the time of a surgical operation (the pre-, intra- and postoperative period)

Postoperative
Relating to, occurring in, or being the period following a surgical operation

Preoperative
Occurring, performed, or administered before and usually close to a surgical operation

Pulmonary
Relating to, functioning like, associated with, or carried on by the lungs

Prehospital
Occurring before or during transportation (as of a trauma victim) to a hospital

Premedication
Preliminary medication; especially medication to induce a relaxed state preparatory to the administration of an anesthetic

Prognosis
The act or art of foretelling the course of a disease; the prospect of survival and recovery from a disease as anticipated from the usual course of that disease or as indicated by special features of the case

Pulse Oximeter
A device that determines the oxygen saturation of the blood of an anaesthetized patient using a sensor attached to a finger, yields a computerized readout, and sounds an alarm if the blood saturation becomes less than optimal

Regional anaesthesia, regional anesthesia
Anaesthesia of a region of the body

Sedative
Tending to calm, moderate, or tranquillise nervousness or excitement

Spinal Anaesthesia, Spinal Anesthesia
Anaesthesia produced by injection of an anesthetic into the subarachnoid space of the spine

Swan-Ganz catheter
A soft catheter with an expandable balloon tip that is used for measuring blood pressure in the pulmonary artery

Tracheostomy, tracheotomy
The surgical formation of an opening into the trachea through the neck especially to allow the passage of air

Ventilation
The circulation and exchange of gases in the lungs that is basic to respiration