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Cochrane Anaesthesia Group

Our reviews

We produce and disseminate systematic reviews of healthcare interventions in anaesthesia, perioperative medicine, intensive care medicine, emergency medicine, prehospital medicine and resuscitation.

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Full list:

Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for necrotizing fasciitis (protocol stage)

Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection (protocol stage)

Adrenaline (epinephrine) for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock

Adrenaline auto-injectors for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock (title stage)

Aerosolized prostacyclin for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (protocol stage)

Air versus saline in the loss of resistance technique for the identification of the epidural space (title stage)

New

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of cardiac complications among patients undergoing surgery

Anaesthesia for cardioversion (protocol stage)

Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery (protocol stage)

Anaesthetic techniques for risk of cancer recurrence (title stage)

Analgo-sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic or radiologic procedures in adults (protocol stage)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical introduction of intracranial ventricular shunts

Antifibrinolytic agents for reducing blood loss in scoliosis surgery in children

Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non-neutropenic critically ill patients

Antithrombin III for critically ill patients

Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (protocol stage)

Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis

Bispectral index for improving anaesthetic delivery and postoperative recovery

Catheter impregnation, coating or bonding for reducing central venous catheter related infections in adults (protocol stage)

Caudal epidural block versus other methods of postoperative pain relief for circumcision in boys

Cefepime versus other beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of infections in non-neutropenic patients (protocol stage)

Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection in patients requiring long-term intravenous therapy

Central venous catheter (CVC) removal for adult patients with candidaemia (title stage)

Clonidine premedication for postoperative analgesia in children (title stage)

Closed tracheal suction systems versus open tracheal suction systems for mechanically ventilated adult patients

Colloid versus crystalloid solutions for priming cardiopulmonary bypass circuits (protocol stage)

Continuous interscalene blockade versus parenteral analgesia for postoperative pain relief after major shoulder surgery (protocol stage)

Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery (title stage)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the prevention of post operative morbidity and mortality following major abdominal surgery (title stage)

Cooling for cerebral protection during brain surgery (protocol stage)

Corticosteroids for treating severe sepsis and septic shock

De-escalation of antimicrobial treatment for adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock (protocol stage)

Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (protocol stage)

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting

Drugs for the prevention and treatment of pruritus in patients receiving neuraxial opioids (protocol stage)

Early extubation for adult cardiac surgical patients

Early versus late pre-intensive care unit admission broad spectrum antibiotics for severe sepsis in adults (protocol stage)

Early versus late removal of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for general anaesthesia (protocol stage)

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

Emergency cricothyroidotomy for airway management (title stage)

Enteral nutritional supplementation with arginine for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

Ephedrine for shortening the time to achieve acceptable intubating conditions during direct laryngoscopy in adults (title stage)

Epidural analgesia for cardiac surgery (protocol stage)

Epidural pain relief versus systemic opioid-based pain relief for abdominal aortic surgery

Ethyl Chloride and other vapocoolants for pain treatment during intravenous cannulation (title stage)

Exercise rehabilitation for recovery from critical illness (title stage)

Fibrinogen-concentrate versus placebo or usual treatment for acquired hypofibrinogenaemia in bleeding patients (title stage)

General versus regional anaesthesia for cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery (title stage)

Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis (protocol stage)

Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) and Tight-glycaemic-control (TGC) versus standard therapy insulin for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock

Heated humidification versus heat and moisture exchangers for ventilated adults and children (protocol stage)

Heparin versus normal saline for patency of arterial lines (protocol stage)

High concentration versus low concentration sevoflurane for anaesthesia induction (protocol stage)

High perioperative inspiratory oxygen fraction for surgical site infection (title stage)

High positive end-expiratory pressures levels versus low positive pressure for adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (title stage)

High-frequency ventilation versus conventional ventilation for treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

New

High-volume haemofiltration for sepsis (protocol stage)

Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis

Hypertonic saline for peri-operative fluid management (protocol stage)

New

Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Hypothermia for neuroprotection in children after cardiopulmonary arrest (title stage)

Incentive spirometry for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in upper abdominal surgery

Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm (protocol stage)

Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury in children and adults

Inhaled nitric oxide for the postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with congenital heart disease

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for operative dental anaesthesia (protocol stage)

Intensive insulin therapy and strict glucose control for critically ill children (title stage)

Intensive insulin therapy and strict glucose control for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

Interventions for preventing hypotension in adults receiving spinal anaesthesia (protocol stage)

Interventions for protecting renal function in the perioperative period

Interventions for restoring patency of occluded central venous catheter lumens (protocol stage)

Intra-articular analgesia for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (title stage)

Intra-articular lignocaine versus intravenous analgesia with or without sedation for manual reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation in adults (protocol stage)

Intra-operative warming for prevention of surgical complications (title stage)

Intranasal midazolam for paediatric sedation (title stage)

Intravenous catheter versus venipuncture for blood specimen collection (title stage)

Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock

Intravenous versus inhalation anaesthesia for one-lung ventilation

Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in adults (protocol stage)

Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery in adults (protocol stage)

Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients (protocol stage)

Lidocaine for preventing postoperative sore throat

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia for preventing chronic pain after surgery (protocol stage)

Local versus general anaesthesia for patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy surgery (title stage)

Lung protective ventilation strategy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Lung recruitment manoeuvres in mechanically ventilated children for reducing respiratory morbidity (title stage)

Metered dose inhalers versus nebulizers for aerosol bronchodilator delivery for adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation in critical care units (title stage)

Music for preoperative anxiety (protocol stage)

Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (protocol stage)

N-acetylcysteine for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response in adults (protocol stage)

Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower-limb revascularization (protocol stage)

Neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) versus avoidance NMBA for improving conditions during tracheal intubation/direct larynscopy in adults (title stage)

Nitrous oxide for anaesthesia during surgery (title stage)

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for upper abdominal surgery (title stage)

Non-pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation as a weaning strategy for intubated adults with respiratory failure

Nonpharmacological interventions for sleep promotion in intensive care unit (title stage)

withdrawn

Nutritional support for adult intensive care patients (title stage)

Nutritional support for critically ill children

Optimal timing for intravenous administration set replacement

Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention

Paravertebral block versus thoracic epidural for patients undergoing thoracotomy (title stage)

Partial liquid ventilation for preventing death and morbidity in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Partial liquid ventilation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in paediatric acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Patient controlled intravenous opioid analgesia versus continuous epidural analgesia for pain after intra-abdominal surgery

New

Percutaneous technique versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy (protocol stage)

Peribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery

Perioperative angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers for preventing surgery related mortality and morbidity (title stage)

Perioperative beta-blockers for preventing surgery related mortality and morbidity (protocol stage)

Perioperative buffered versus non-buffered fluid administration for surgery in adults (protocol stage)

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture

Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery (protocol stage)

Perioperative restrictive versus liberal or standard fluid management for surgical patients undergoing major abdominal procedures (title stage)

Pharmacologic therapies for adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Pharmacologic therapies for perioperative cerebral protection against neurologic or neurocognitive deficits (protocol stage)

Pharmacological agents for preventing morbidity associated with the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation (protocol stage)

Physicopharmacological interventions for reducing propofol-induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults (protocol stage)

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for the prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary complications (protocol stage)

Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adult patients (title stage)

Updated

Premedication for anxiety in adult day surgery

Preoperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications and alcohol use disorder (title stage)

Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in ventilated adults (protocol stage)

Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically ill adults (protocol stage)

Pressure support versus T tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults (protocol stage)

Pressure-controlled versus volume-controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (title stage)

ProSeal versus classical laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for positive pressure ventilation in adult patients undergoing elective surgery (title stage)

New

Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (protocol stage)

Propofol and ketamine in combination versus ketamine alone for procedural sedation in children outside of the operating room (title stage)

Propofol for sedation/anaesthesia in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (title stage)

Protocolized versus non-protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill adult patients (protocol stage)

Protocolized versus non-protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill paediatric patients (title stage)

Psychological preparation for adults undergoing elective surgery with general anaesthetic (title stage)

Pulmonary artery catheters for adult patients in intensive care

Updated

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring

Recompression and adjunctive therapy for decompression illness

Recruitment manoeuvres for adults with acute lung injury receiving mechanical ventilation

Remifentanil for analgesia and sedation of critically ill patients in intensive care units (protocol stage)

Respiratory therapy for removing bronchial secretions in mechanically ventilated adult patients (title stage)

Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation

Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment in under 18 year olds

Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (protocol stage)

Selenium supplementation for critically ill adults

Sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on postoperative behaviour disturbance in children (protocol stage)

Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults

Single, double or multiple injection techniques for axillary brachial plexus block for hand, wrist or forearm surgery

SmartCare™ versus non-automated mechanical ventilation strategies on discontinuation time for adults in the postoperative period (title stage)

SmartCare™ versus non-automated weaning strategies for weaning time in invasively ventilated critically ill adults (title stage)

Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting

Sub-Tenon's anaesthesia versus topical anaesthesia for cataract surgery

Suction versus no suction for chest drain management (title stage)

New

Sugammadex, a selective reversal medication for preventing postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade

Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia (protocol stage)

New

Supplemental perioperative steroids for surgical patients with adrenal insufficiency

Target-controlled infusion versus manually-controlled infusion of propofol for general anaesthesia or sedation in adults

The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments (protocol stage)

Thrombelastography (TEG) or Thrombelastometry (ROTEM) to monitor haemotherapy versus usual care in patients with massive transfusion (protocol stage)

Thymosin Á1 for sepsis (title stage)

Topical anaesthesia alone versus topical anaesthesia with intracameral lidocaine for phacoemulsification

Topical anaesthesia for nasogastric tube insertion (protocol stage)

Topical anaesthetics for repair of dermal laceration (protocol stage)

Traditional landmark versus ultrasound guidance for central vein catheterization (protocol stage)

Transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics

New

Ultrasound guidance for peripheral nerve blockade

Use of hyperbaric versus isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section (protocol stage)

Vasopressors for shock

By subtopic:

Anaesthesia Group (152)

AMBULATORY ANAESTHESIA (4)

Anaesthesia for cardioversion (1)

Anaesthesia for cardioversion (protocol stage)

Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy (0)

Other interventions (3)

Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (protocol stage)

Topical anaesthesia for nasogastric tube insertion (protocol stage)

Topical anaesthetics for repair of dermal laceration (protocol stage)

ANAESTHESIA AND MEDICAL DISEASES (7)

Perioperative events (4)

Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower-limb revascularization (protocol stage)

Non-pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children

Perioperative increase in global blood flow to explicit defined goals and outcomes following surgery (protocol stage)

Pharmacologic therapies for perioperative cerebral protection against neurologic or neurocognitive deficits (protocol stage)

Preoperative evaluation (0)

Preoperative treatment (3)

Cardiovascular disease (1)

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of cardiac complications among patients undergoing surgery

Endocrinological disease (1)

Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) and Tight-glycaemic-control (TGC) versus standard therapy insulin for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

Malignant hyperpyrexia (0)

Muscular disorders (0)

Neurological disease (0)

Pulmonary disease (0)

Other diseases (1)

Perioperative beta-blockers for preventing surgery related mortality and morbidity (protocol stage)

DRUGS IN ANAESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (25)

Intravenous anaesthetics (5)

Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (protocol stage)

Intravenous versus inhalation anaesthesia for one-lung ventilation

Physicopharmacological interventions for reducing propofol-induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults (protocol stage)

Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (protocol stage)

Target-controlled infusion versus manually-controlled infusion of propofol for general anaesthesia or sedation in adults

Neuromuscular blocking agents (2)

Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation

Sugammadex, a selective reversal medication for preventing postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade

Opioids (0)

Premedication (2)

Music for preoperative anxiety (protocol stage)

Premedication for anxiety in adult day surgery

Sedatives (3)

Analgo-sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic or radiologic procedures in adults (protocol stage)

Music for preoperative anxiety (protocol stage)

Remifentanil for analgesia and sedation of critically ill patients in intensive care units (protocol stage)

Volatile anaesthetics (3)

Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (protocol stage)

High concentration versus low concentration sevoflurane for anaesthesia induction (protocol stage)

Sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on postoperative behaviour disturbance in children (protocol stage)

Other drugs (10)

Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection (protocol stage)

Aerosolized prostacyclin for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (protocol stage)

Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery (protocol stage)

Antifibrinolytic agents for reducing blood loss in scoliosis surgery in children

Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) and Tight-glycaemic-control (TGC) versus standard therapy insulin for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

Intensive insulin therapy and strict glucose control for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

Interventions for restoring patency of occluded central venous catheter lumens (protocol stage)

Lidocaine for preventing postoperative sore throat

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy

Supplemental perioperative steroids for surgical patients with adrenal insufficiency

MISCELLANEOUS (0)

PERIANAESTHETIC / PERIOPERATIVE CARE MEDICINE (31)

Acute postoperative pain (3)

Caudal epidural block versus other methods of postoperative pain relief for circumcision in boys

Continuous interscalene blockade versus parenteral analgesia for postoperative pain relief after major shoulder surgery (protocol stage)

Patient controlled intravenous opioid analgesia versus continuous epidural analgesia for pain after intra-abdominal surgery

Fluid management (7)

Crystalloids/colloids/blood component therapy (7)

Antifibrinolytic agents for reducing blood loss in scoliosis surgery in children

Colloid versus crystalloid solutions for priming cardiopulmonary bypass circuits (protocol stage)

Hypertonic saline for peri-operative fluid management (protocol stage)

Interventions for protecting renal function in the perioperative period

Perioperative buffered versus non-buffered fluid administration for surgery in adults (protocol stage)

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture

Thrombelastography (TEG) or Thrombelastometry (ROTEM) to monitor haemotherapy versus usual care in patients with massive transfusion (protocol stage)

Perioperative management of the anaesthetic patient (14)

Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection (protocol stage)

Cooling for cerebral protection during brain surgery (protocol stage)

Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) (protocol stage)

Early extubation for adult cardiac surgical patients

Early versus late removal of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for general anaesthesia (protocol stage)

Epidural analgesia for cardiac surgery (protocol stage)

High concentration versus low concentration sevoflurane for anaesthesia induction (protocol stage)

Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in adults (protocol stage)

Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery in adults (protocol stage)

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia for preventing chronic pain after surgery (protocol stage)

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for the prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary complications (protocol stage)

Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment in under 18 year olds

Thrombelastography (TEG) or Thrombelastometry (ROTEM) to monitor haemotherapy versus usual care in patients with massive transfusion (protocol stage)

Traditional landmark versus ultrasound guidance for central vein catheterization (protocol stage)

Perioperative nutrition (1)

Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically ill adults (protocol stage)

Postoperative complications (6)

Nausea and vomiting (3)

Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (protocol stage)

Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting

Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting

Other complications (3)

Drugs for the prevention and treatment of pruritus in patients receiving neuraxial opioids (protocol stage)

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for the prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary complications (protocol stage)

Sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on postoperative behaviour disturbance in children (protocol stage)

POSTANAESTHETIC UNIT / INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (51)

Circulatory care (11)

Fluid therapy (2)

Adrenaline (epinephrine) for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock

Catheter impregnation, coating or bonding for reducing central venous catheter related infections in adults (protocol stage)

Haemodynamic management (4)

Central venous access sites for the prevention of venous thrombosis, stenosis and infection in patients requiring long-term intravenous therapy

Heparin versus normal saline for patency of arterial lines (protocol stage)

Pharmacological agents for preventing morbidity associated with the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation (protocol stage)

Pulmonary artery catheters for adult patients in intensive care

Nutrition (4)

Enteral nutritional supplementation with arginine for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

Nutritional support for critically ill children

Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically ill adults (protocol stage)

Selenium supplementation for critically ill adults

Vasopressors (1)

Vasopressors for shock

Volume resuscitation (0)

Infection control (16)

Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for necrotizing fasciitis (protocol stage)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical introduction of intracranial ventricular shunts

Antifungal agents for preventing fungal infections in non-neutropenic critically ill patients

Antithrombin III for critically ill patients

Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis

Catheter impregnation, coating or bonding for reducing central venous catheter related infections in adults (protocol stage)

Cefepime versus other beta-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of infections in non-neutropenic patients (protocol stage)

Corticosteroids for treating severe sepsis and septic shock

De-escalation of antimicrobial treatment for adults with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock (protocol stage)

Early versus late pre-intensive care unit admission broad spectrum antibiotics for severe sepsis in adults (protocol stage)

High-volume haemofiltration for sepsis (protocol stage)

Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis

Interventions for restoring patency of occluded central venous catheter lumens (protocol stage)

Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock

N-acetylcysteine for sepsis and systemic inflammatory response in adults (protocol stage)

Optimal timing for intravenous administration set replacement

Metabolism (0)

Positioning (2)

Lateral positioning for critically ill adult patients (protocol stage)

Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (protocol stage)

Respiratory care (22)

Mechanical ventilation (6)

Aerosolized prostacyclin for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (protocol stage)

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients (protocol stage)

Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (protocol stage)

Protocolized versus non-protocolized weaning for reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill adult patients (protocol stage)

Recruitment manoeuvres for adults with acute lung injury receiving mechanical ventilation

Other ventilatory support (16)

Closed tracheal suction systems versus open tracheal suction systems for mechanically ventilated adult patients

Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients (protocol stage)

Heated humidification versus heat and moisture exchangers for ventilated adults and children (protocol stage)

High-frequency ventilation versus conventional ventilation for treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Incentive spirometry for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications in upper abdominal surgery

Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury in children and adults

Inhaled nitric oxide for the postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with congenital heart disease

Lung protective ventilation strategy for the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation as a weaning strategy for intubated adults with respiratory failure

Partial liquid ventilation for preventing death and morbidity in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Partial liquid ventilation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in paediatric acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Percutaneous technique versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy (protocol stage)

Pharmacologic therapies for adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in ventilated adults (protocol stage)

Pressure support versus T tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults (protocol stage)

Recruitment manoeuvres for adults with acute lung injury receiving mechanical ventilation

PREHOSPITAL MEDICINE / RESUSCITATION / EMERGENCY MEDICINE (12)

Acute medical conditions (2)

Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for necrotizing fasciitis (protocol stage)

Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis (protocol stage)

Anaesthesia (1)

Cooling for cerebral protection during brain surgery (protocol stage)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1)

Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Emergency medicine (8)

Adrenaline (epinephrine) for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock

Early versus late pre-intensive care unit admission broad spectrum antibiotics for severe sepsis in adults (protocol stage)

Glucocorticoids for the treatment of anaphylaxis (protocol stage)

H1-antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock

Recompression and adjunctive therapy for decompression illness

Simple aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for primary spontaneous pneumothorax in adults

The use of propofol for procedural sedation in emergency departments (protocol stage)

Topical anaesthesia for nasogastric tube insertion (protocol stage)

Initial cardiopulmonary stabilisation (0)

REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA (18)

Epidural blocks (3)

Epidural analgesia for cardiac surgery (protocol stage)

Epidural pain relief versus systemic opioid-based pain relief for abdominal aortic surgery

Use of hyperbaric versus isobaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section (protocol stage)

Intravenous/arterial regional anaesthesia (3)

Infraclavicular brachial plexus block for regional anaesthesia of the lower arm (protocol stage)

Intra-articular lignocaine versus intravenous analgesia with or without sedation for manual reduction of acute anterior shoulder dislocation in adults (protocol stage)

Ultrasound guidance for peripheral nerve blockade

Peripheral nerve blocks (2)

Peribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery

Single, double or multiple injection techniques for axillary brachial plexus block for hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Pharmacology in regional anaesthesia (1)

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia for preventing chronic pain after surgery (protocol stage)

Spinal anaesthesia (2)

Interventions for preventing hypotension in adults receiving spinal anaesthesia (protocol stage)

Transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics

Other interventions (7)

Continuous interscalene blockade versus parenteral analgesia for postoperative pain relief after major shoulder surgery (protocol stage)

Drugs for the prevention and treatment of pruritus in patients receiving neuraxial opioids (protocol stage)

Injectable local anaesthetic agents for operative dental anaesthesia (protocol stage)

Paracervical local anaesthesia for cervical dilatation and uterine intervention

Sub-Tenon's anaesthesia versus topical anaesthesia for cataract surgery

Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia (protocol stage)

Topical anaesthesia alone versus topical anaesthesia with intracameral lidocaine for phacoemulsification

TECHNOLOGY IN ANAESTHESIA (4)

Equipment (4)

Anaesthetic apparatus/monitoring system (4)

Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery (protocol stage)

Bispectral index for improving anaesthetic delivery and postoperative recovery

Heparin versus normal saline for patency of arterial lines (protocol stage)

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring

New + Updated:

New

Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of cardiac complications among patients undergoing surgery

New

High-volume haemofiltration for sepsis (protocol stage)

New

Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation

New

Percutaneous technique versus surgical techniques for tracheostomy (protocol stage)

Updated

Premedication for anxiety in adult day surgery

New

Prone position for acute respiratory failure in adults (protocol stage)

Updated

Pulse oximetry for perioperative monitoring

New

Sugammadex, a selective reversal medication for preventing postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade

New

Supplemental perioperative steroids for surgical patients with adrenal insufficiency

New

Ultrasound guidance for peripheral nerve blockade

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